The ABC ran a series of stories on Chinese Uyghur labour camps , estimated to detain one million people. To add context, that estimate would represent an incarceration rate of 8,847 per 100,000 Chinese Uyghurs. China's overall prison population rate is between 118 and 164 detainees per 100,000 persons, a total prison population of up to 2.3 million. It's unclear whether the Uyghurs in detention are counted as prisoners or officially counted at all. If they are, they would make up close to half the prison population. If not, then China would be running a parallel detention system nearly half the size of the criminal one. Possible, but surely something so hard to keep off the books that there would be more data available.